Friday, October 8, 2021

Learning About Hebrews: Christology


Twentieth Sunday After Pentecost

 

**Please note this service is based on the format of the Anglican Church of Canada. Unless otherwise indicated, all prayers come from the Book of Alternative Services (BAS) and the hymns from the Book of Common Praise (BCP). Other hymns and prayers have been sourced to give appropriate credit.

 

**NRSV translation used for the readings, unless otherwise stated.

 

Opening Prayer

God, your tortured Son felt abandoned, and cried out in anguish from the cross, yet you delivered him. He overcame the bonds of death and rose in triumph from the grave. Do not hide your face from those who cry out to you: feed the hungry, strengthen the weak, and break the chains of the oppressed, that your people may rejoice in your saving deeds. This we ask in the name of Jesus Christ our Saviour. Amen.

 

Opening Hymn – For the Fruit of All Creation (BCP #259)

            Listen Here

 

The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ,

and the love of God,

and the fellowship of the Holy Spirit be with you all.

And also with you.

 

Collect for Purity

            Listen Here

 

The Gloria

          Listen Here

 

Collect of the Day (p.385)

Let us pray.

Almighty God, in our baptism you adopted us for your own. Quicken, we pray, your Spirit within us, that we, being renewed both in body and mind, may worship you in sincerity and truth; through Jesus Christ our Lord, who lives and reigns with you and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and for ever.

Amen.

 

The Readings

A reading from the Book of Job 23:1-9, 16-17

Then Job answered:

 

“Today also my complaint is bitter;

    his hand is heavy despite my groaning.

Oh, that I knew where I might find him,

    that I might come even to his dwelling!

I would lay my case before him,

    and fill my mouth with arguments.

I would learn what he would answer me,

    and understand what he would say to me.

Would he contend with me in the greatness of his power?

    No; but he would give heed to me.

There an upright person could reason with him,

    and I should be acquitted forever by my judge.

 

“If I go forward, he is not there;

    or backward, I cannot perceive him;

on the left he hides, and I cannot behold him;

    I turn to the right, but I cannot see him.

 

The word of the Lord.

Thanks be the God.

 

Psalm 22:1-15

            Listen Here

 

My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?

    Why are you so far from helping me, from the words of my groaning?

O my God, I cry by day, but you do not answer;

    and by night, but find no rest.

Yet you are holy,

    enthroned on the praises of Israel.

In you our ancestors trusted;

    they trusted, and you delivered them.

To you they cried, and were saved;

    in you they trusted, and were not put to shame.

But I am a worm, and not human;

    scorned by others, and despised by the people.

All who see me mock at me;

    they make mouths at me, they shake their heads;

“Commit your cause to the Lord; let him deliver—

    let him rescue the one in whom he delights!”

Yet it was you who took me from the womb;

    you kept me safe on my mother’s breast.

On you I was cast from my birth,

    and since my mother bore me you have been my God.

Do not be far from me,

    for trouble is near

    and there is no one to help.

Many bulls encircle me,

    strong bulls of Bashan surround me;

they open wide their mouths at me,

    like a ravening and roaring lion.

I am poured out like water,

    and all my bones are out of joint;

my heart is like wax;

    it is melted within my breast;

my mouth is dried up like a potsherd,

    and my tongue sticks to my jaws;

    you lay me in the dust of death.

 

A reading from the Letter to the Hebrews 4:12-16

Indeed, the word of God is living and active, sharper than any two-edged sword, piercing until it divides soul from spirit, joints from marrow; it is able to judge the thoughts and intentions of the heart. And before him no creature is hidden, but all are naked and laid bare to the eyes of the one to whom we must render an account.

Since, then, we have a great high priest who has passed through the heavens, Jesus, the Son of God, let us hold fast to our confession. For we do not have a high priest who is unable to sympathize with our weaknesses, but we have one who in every respect has been tested as we are, yet without sin. Let us therefore approach the throne of grace with boldness, so that we may receive mercy and find grace to help in time of need.

 

The word of the Lord.

Thanks be to God.

 

Gradual Hymn – Seek Ye First (BCP #458)

            Listen Here

 

The Lord be with you.

And also with you.

 

The Holy Gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ according to Mark 10:17-31

Glory to you, Lord Jesus Christ.

As he was setting out on a journey, a man ran up and knelt before him, and asked him, “Good Teacher, what must I do to inherit eternal life?” Jesus said to him, “Why do you call me good? No one is good but God alone. You know the commandments: ‘You shall not murder; You shall not commit adultery; You shall not steal; You shall not bear false witness; You shall not defraud; Honor your father and mother.’” He said to him, “Teacher, I have kept all these since my youth.” Jesus, looking at him, loved him and said, “You lack one thing; go, sell what you own, and give the money to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven; then come, follow me.” When he heard this, he was shocked and went away grieving, for he had many possessions.

Then Jesus looked around and said to his disciples, “How hard it will be for those who have wealth to enter the kingdom of God!” And the disciples were perplexed at these words. But Jesus said to them again, “Children, how hard it is to enter the kingdom of God! It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for someone who is rich to enter the kingdom of God.” They were greatly astounded and said to one another, “Then who can be saved?” Jesus looked at them and said, “For mortals it is impossible, but not for God; for God all things are possible.”

Peter began to say to him, “Look, we have left everything and followed you.” Jesus said, “Truly I tell you, there is no one who has left house or brothers or sisters or mother or father or children or fields, for my sake and for the sake of the good news, who will not receive a hundredfold now in this age—houses, brothers and sisters, mothers and children, and fields, with persecutions—and in the age to come eternal life. But many who are first will be last, and the last will be first.”

 

The Gospel of Christ.

Praise to you, Lord Jesus Christ.

 

Sermon

May only truth be spoken and truth heard. Amen.

We continue today with our examination of the Letter to the Hebrews.

 

As I mentioned last week, we don’t know the author of the letter, nor do we know the exact circumstances around which the letter was written. What we do know is that one key purpose in writing to the churches was to strengthen, secure, and refocus their faith in the supremacy and sufficiency of Jesus Christ.

 

The portrait of who Jesus Chris is and its sketch of what Jesus Christ means to humanity are broad and comprehensive, and they have been influential on Christian faith and theology.

 

Hebrews speaks of the two natures of Christ: the Divine Christ and the Human Christ.

 

Jesus is equated with God, and the letter speaks of Christ’s pre-existence, incarnation, sacrificial death, resurrection, heavenly intercession, and return for judgment.

 

The first two items on this list express the idea that the person now know as Jesus Christ existed as a divine being prior to becoming a human being.

 

The heavenly intercession refers to Christ’s presence in heaven, where he prays for his followers in ways that support and sustain them on earth.

 

Hebrews declares Jesus Christ to be both fully human and fully divine and is said to represent the exact imprint of God’s very being.

 

This is one of the most important pieces of Christian dogma, and probably the most difficult to understand.

 

Just now I said the Jesus Christ is an exact imprint of God. This in no way implies that Jesus is only some kind of copy and therefore someone inferior to God.

 

The divine Christ is the mirror image of God’s glory, the one who sustains all things, is without sin and able to sanctify others, and will return to save those who wait eagerly for him.

 

Jesus Christ is the divine Son of God, the second person of the Holy Trinity, and the image of God in which man was originally created.

 

He is also fully and profoundly human, a person of flesh and blood, like all children of God, a person who had to be made perfect through obedience to God.

 

The notion of Jesus needed to learn things and to grow in knowledge is rare in the bible. The idea of him needing to learn obedience, to grow in faithfulness to God, is unique to Hebrews.

 

The letter is clear that Jesus did not sin but still alleges that a prolonged period of testing and suffering brought Jesus to progressive levels of faithfulness that marked growth in obedience and, ultimately, perfection.

 

The humanity of Christ is theologically significant in Hebrews because:

  • Being human allows Christ to suffer and die, thus offering the ultimate sacrifice for sin and destroy the power of death
  • Being human enables Christ to identify with human beings so that he is able to sympathize mercifully with the weak and wayward

There is much we could talk about when examining Jesus as fully human and fully divine, more than we could cover in a Sunday morning homily.

 

Let me highlight seven things the author of Hebrews says about Christ.

 

  1. The first thing that the author notes is Jesus is “his Son.” We’ve talked about this already today, and it is nothing new to us. Now, in what exact sense Christ is the “Son” here in this letter will be filled out in a couple of the other qualities which the author ascribes to him. All of the work Jesus does while on earth is as the Son of God.

 

  1. Secondly, the Son is the ultimate capstone of God’s self-revelation. In former times, God spoke in various ways, through prophets, through poets, through historians, and the other authors of Scripture, inspired by God. But now God speaks – God communicates God’s will, God’s works, and God’s wisdom – in the person of the Son. Jesus is the culmination – though, not the denial! Remember what I said to you last week – of all that God has spoken before.

 

  1. It is this Son who has been appointed the “heir of all things.” What could this mean? Well, the Son is Son, in one sense, according to the flesh. As the Psalms testify, he is the Royal Son of David, heir to the throne of Israel, the blessings of the covenant, and even more, the true Son of Adam, heir to the kingdom of the whole world.

 

  1. Next, this Son who has been appointed heir of all things according to his humanity seems to have a deeper claim on the world: he is the agent through whom God “created the world.” Note the echoes here of God’s Wisdom from Proverbs 8. With that reference in mind, we see that the author of Hebrews says something fascinating. Just like the John and Paul, the author operates with the clear, Jewish connection between the Creator and the creation, but also just like them, he has the Son on the Creator side of the line. The world was made through him and by him.

 

  1. The Son, we are told, is the radiance, the shining, the splendour, of the glory of God. This is part of his role as Revealer. Of course, in Scripture, God’s glory and God’s person are irrefutably bound up together as the sun is with the rays of light pouring forth from it. The Son reveals God’s glory precisely because he is the “exact imprint”, the one who has the very “form” and shares the “nature” of God.

 

  1. In case you’re still a bit skeptical, we also learn that the Son is the one who “upholds the universe.” How? By “the word of his power.” The Son, then, is not only the one who brings the world into existence, he sustains it in existence at every moment. He is the source of its coherence, integrity, and continued being. The letter to the Hebrews has a Christologically-focused doctrine of providence.

 

  1. Beyond the work of creation and providence, though, stands that of salvation. This condensed Christology turns out to be short-hand account of the entire economy of redemption. The Son is, in a way that will be filled out at length in the rest of the letter, the one who “makes purification for sins” for his brothers and sisters. He does this both through what he is (the true Priest and Mediator), but also in his work, presenting a better sacrifice to remove the stain of sins, as well as sealing a better covenant in his blood. All of this is confirmed in his being “seated at the right hand of Majesty on high” having completed his work once and for all.

 

Jesus, the Son, is the agent of revelation, creation, providence, and salvation – all divine works. Alongside key passages in John, Paul, and Revelation, it’s quite easy to see how the Fathers at Nicaea and Chalcedon came to the conclusions about the person of Christ that they did.

 

This rich christological letter to the Hebrews describes the Son in whom God has spoken God’s full and final word and who surpasses and supersedes the prophets of old because in him is the fulfillment of all the promises spoken by God through them.

 

Indeed, in this brief space the Son is presented in the three functions of his messianic office: as Prophet (he himself is the divine Word), as Priest (he made purification for our sins), and as King (he is enthroned in glory). The Christology here sets the tone for the whole epistle.

 

And this leads us into a discussion on Christ, the incarnate Son of God, who becomes the perfect high priest who offers up himself, the perfect substitute, man for man, as the perfect sacrifice for the sins of mankind, which we will leave for next week.


Affirmation of Faith

Let us confess the faith of our baptism, as we say the Apostles’ Creed:

I believe in God,

the Father almighty,

creator of heaven and earth.

 

I believe in Jesus Christ, his only Son, our Lord.

He was conceived by the power of the Holy Spirit

and born of the Virgin Mary.

He suffered under Pontius Pilate,

was crucified, died, and was buried.

He descended to the dead.

On the third day he rose again.

He ascended into heaven,

and is seated at the right hand of the Father.

He will come again

to judge the living and the dead.

 

I believe in the Holy Spirit,

the holy catholic Church,

the communion of saints,

the forgiveness of sins,

the resurrection of the body,

and the life everlasting. Amen.

 

The Prayers of the People

Let us pray to the Lord, saying, Lord, hear our prayer.


Let us pray for the peace of the world: the Lord grant that we may live together in justice and faith.

Lord, hear our prayer.


Let us pray for Canada, and especially for Queen Elizabeth, the Governor General, the Prime Minister, and all in authority: the Lord help them to serve this people according to his holy will.

Lord, hear our prayer.


Let us pray for children and young people: the Lord guide their growth and development.

Lord, hear our prayer.


Let us pray for the sick, especially….: the Lord deliver them and keep them in his love.

Lord, hear our prayer.


Let us pray for all who are condemned to exile, prison, harsh treatment, or hard labour, for the sake of justice and truth: the Lord support them and keep them steadfast.

Lord, hear our prayer.


We remember the prophets, apostles, martyrs, and all who have borne witness to the gospel: the Lord direct our lives in the same spirit of service and sacrifice.

Lord, hear our prayer.


God of the harvest, giving us the good earth, providing seeds that germinate and grow, producing vegetables and fruits, we thank you for this year’s harvest, for daily food we eat, for food we can share with others.  .


God of the hungry, caring about those who suffer malnutrition, calling us to share our harvest with the world, holding us accountable when we store our surplus, we consume more food than we should, we withhold the harvest from the hungry, we store rather than share what comes from YOUR earth.


Forgive us when we “raise the song of harvest home,” and do not understand that “all the world is God’s own field.”  As You provide the earth for all humanity, and not for the good of one people over another, we need to see our use of this earth as not for one nation’s good over against another.  In this Thanksgiving season, give us a world view of Your creation, and of our responsibility to Your people everywhere. 


We move beyond our thanksgiving for food to all the blessings of this life:  warm houses in which we live, family love in which we are made secure, friendships in which we find acceptance, employment in which we find meaning, freedoms in which we enjoy the blessings of liberty.  


Receive today our hymns of grateful praise, our prayers of thanksgiving, our offerings of thankful giving, our vows of thankful living.


Create in us thankful hearts for all days and all seasons, that what we sense in this service will be enjoyed and expressed on every occasion of worship and fellowship, that we will be a thankful people always.  


Accept our prayers in the name of Christ whom we seek to follow and serve.


Amen 

 

Confession and Absolution

Dear friends in Christ,

God is steadfast in love and infinite in mercy;

God welcomes sinners and invites them to the table.

Let us confess our sins, confident in God’s forgiveness.

 

Most merciful God,

We confess that we have sinned against you

in thought, word, and deed,

by what we have done,

and by what we have left undone.

We have not loved you with our whole heart;

we have not loved our neighbours as ourselves.

We are truly sorry and we humbly repent.

for the sake of your Son Jesus Christ,

have mercy on us and forgive us,

that we may delight in your will,

and walk in your ways,

to the glory of your name. Amen.

 

As we speak the truth of our lives, God who is faithful and just, restores us and brings us home again and again.

 

Almighty God have mercy upon you,

pardon and deliver you from all your sins,

confirm and strengthen you in all goodness,

and keep you in eternal life;

through Jesus Christ our Lord.

Amen.

 

The Peace

The peace of the Lord be always with you.

And also with you.

 

Offertory Hymn – Draw Near and Take (BCP #49)

            Listen Here

 

Prayer over the Gifts (p. 386)

**Although not physically at our church buildings to share our offering together I would encourage you to set your offering of money aside so that it can be dropped off or placed in the church once services resume, to mail your offering to the church, or to make donations online. Please remember ministry is still taking place.

 

Let us pray.

God of constant love, in this eucharist you renew the covenant made once with us in baptism. As you are faithful in all things may we, in our offering, be faithful to our calling.

We ask this in the name of Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen.

 

This service was created for live worship. For those worshiping on your own, you may either read the Eucharistic prayer, or skip ahead to the Lord's Prayer and then the Doxology.

 

Eucharistic Prayer 2 (p. 196)

 

The Lord be with you.

And also with you.

 

Lift up your hearts.

We lift them to the Lord.

 

Let us give thanks to the Lord our God.

It is right to give our thanks and praise.

 

We give you thanks and praise, almighty God,

through your beloved Son, Jesus Christ,

our Saviour and Redeemer.

He is your living Word,

through whom you have created all things.

 

By the power of the Holy Spirit

he took flesh of the Virgin Mary

and shared our human nature.

He lived and died as one of us,

to reconcile us to you,

the God and Father of all.

 

In fulfilment of your will

he stretched out his hands in suffering,

to bring release to those who place their hope in you;

and so he won for you a holy people.

 

He chose to bear our griefs and sorrows,

and to give up his life on the cross,

that he might shatter the chains of evil and death,

and banish the darkness of sin and despair.

By his resurrection

he brings us into the light of your presence.

 

Now with all creation we raise our voices

to proclaim the glory of your name.

 

Holy, holy, holy Lord,

God of power and might,

heaven and earth are full of your glory.

Hosanna in the highest.

 

Blessed are they who come in the name of the Lord.

Hosanna in the highest.

 

Holy and gracious God,

accept our praise,

through your Son our Saviour Jesus Christ;

who on the night he was handed over

to suffering and death,

took bread and gave you thanks,

saying, “Take, and eat:

this is my body which is broken for you.”

In the same way he took the cup,

saying, “This is my blood which is shed for you.

When you do this, you do it in memory of me.”

 

Remembering, therefore, his death and resurrection,

we offer you this bread and this cup,

giving thanks that you have made us worthy

to stand in your presence and serve you.

 

We ask you to send your Holy Spirit

upon the offering of your holy Church.

Gather into one

all who share in these sacred mysteries,

filling them with the Holy Spirit

and confirming their faith in the truth,

that together we may praise you

and give you glory

through your Servant, Jesus Christ.

 

All glory and honour are yours,

Father and Son,

with the Holy Spirit

in the holy Church,

now and for ever.

Amen.

 

And now, as our Saviour Christ has taught us,

we are bold to pray,

Our Father in heaven,

hallowed be your name,

your kingdom come,

your will be done,

on earth as in heaven.

Give us today our daily bread.

Forgive us our sins

as we forgive those who sin against us.

Save us from the time of trial,

and deliver us from evil.

For the kingdom, the power,

and the glory are yours,

now and for ever. Amen.

 

Breaking of the Bread

This is the body of Christ.

Behold what you are.

Become what you receive.

Amen.

 

Communion

This is the table of Christ. It is made ready for those who love him, and for those who want to love him more. Come, whether you have much faith or little, have tried to follow, or are afraid that you have failed. Come. Because it is Christ's will that those who want to meet him, might meet him here.

 

These are the gifts of God for the People of God.

Thanks be to God.

 

Share in the Eucharist

Prayer After Communion (p. 386)

As we have feasted around the table, let us pray.

Faithful God, in baptism and eucharist we are made one with you. May we who have shared in holy things always bear witness to your covenant, in the name of Jesus Christ the Lord. Amen.

 

Doxology

As a congregation, we declare our doxology, as we say together,

Glory to God,

whose power, working in us,

can do infinitely more

than we can ask or imagine.

Glory to God from generation to generation,

in the Church and in Christ Jesus,

for ever and ever.

Amen.

 

Blessing

The peace of God, which passes all understanding, keep your hearts and minds in the knowledge and love of God, and of his Son Jesus Christ our Lord: and the blessing of the Holy and Undivided Trinity be with you and remain with you always, in the Name of Love, the Glory of Love, and the Power of Love. Amen.

 

Closing Hymn – Rock of Ages, Cleft for Me (BCP #522)

            Listen Here

 

Dismissal

Go forth into the world, rejoicing in the power of the Spirit.

Thanks be to God.

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